Biology Marking Period 3 Practice Test

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• Which term is defined by the phrase 'a living thing'?
• Which statement correctly describes the Na+/K+-ATPase?
• In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated primarily by size; which factor most directly influences their rate of movement through the gel?
• What is a secondary consumer?
• Which molecules can diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer without transport proteins?
• Which statement correctly contrasts food chains and food webs?
• Which statement is true about organ systems?
• What does the nucleus contain?
• In which phase does crossing over occur during meiosis?
• Which process translates mRNA into a polypeptide?
• What is a major limitation of representing ecosystems with a single food chain?
• Which statement best describes selective pressure?
• Distinguish innate and adaptive immunity.
• How do vaccines confer immunity?
• What do lysosomes do?
• Restriction enzymes are used to generate DNA fragments with ends that can be joined to create recombinant DNA; which statement describes this outcome?
• What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
• Which kingdoms belong to the domain Eukarya?
• During cellular respiration in eukaryotes, which stage yields the most ATP overall?
• What does homeostasis mean?
• Which organelle is the primary site of energy production in the cell?
• What is a macromolecule?
• Which organelle contains DNA and controls cell activities?
• Which process removes CO2 from the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
• In gel electrophoresis, DNA moves toward which electrode?
• Which statement about homeostasis is correct?
• Give an example of a vestigial structure.
• Gel electrophoresis is used to
• Which term describes a living thing?
• Which process yields glucose as a product?
• Which feature is NOT common to plant, animal, and bacterial cells?
• The proton gradient used to generate ATP during chemiosmosis is established by which system?
• Which organelle has ribosomes on its surface and assists in protein synthesis?
• Which option is not a direct definition provided for organ system or organism?
• Which protein carries most of the oxygen in the blood?
• What best describes an ecosystem?
• What are prokaryotes?
• What are the main reactants and products of photosynthesis?
• In the respiratory system, the tiny air sacs are primarily responsible for which function?
• How do disturbances affect ecosystems?
• Which statement accurately describes an organ system?
• How many nucleotides make up a codon?
• Which statement about the biomass equation is correct?
• Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?
• What is the most fundamental unit of matter?
• In gel electrophoresis, how does fragment size affect migration distance?
• Define negative feedback in hormonal regulation.
• What is an organ?
• Which statement correctly characterizes an organ system?
• What is a cell?
• Which statement best defines a population in ecology?
• What do mitochondria do?
• Which trophic level contains producers?
• Which statement describes a living thing?
• Which property best describes the cell membrane's role?
• What does carrying capacity (K) represent in population dynamics?
• What happens to energy as it moves through trophic levels?
• Which of the following is an example of a macromolecule?
• If two DNA samples show the same band pattern, what does that indicate?
• Which factor is biotic?
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for providing energy in the form of ATP?
• What is an organ?
• How does logistic growth differ from exponential growth?
• What is a food web?
• Which statement correctly describes animal cells?
• Which feature is characteristic of plant cells?
• Define adaptation in evolutionary terms.
• Which organelle detoxifies chemicals and makes lipids?
• What term describes a group of organs working together to perform a function?
• Which scientist proposed that plants are made of cells?
• Which organelle packages and ships proteins?
• What is a producer?
• Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
• Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
• What is the primary energy source used by producers during photosynthesis?
• Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism, including its alleles?
• Which term is defined as a living thing?
• What does the Golgi apparatus do?
• Who built his own microscope and observed microorganisms, calling them 'animalcules'?
• What is the correct order of biological organization from smallest to largest?
• In ecosystems, what is the primary role of producers?
• What is reproductive isolation in evolutionary biology?
• What is an operon and its basic purpose in bacteria?
• Which statement describes typical bacterial cells?
• Which organelle detoxifies chemicals and synthesizes lipids?
• How does natural selection drive evolution?
• What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in cloning?
• Biotic limiting factors are …
• What is a stop codon and give examples?
• Virchow stated that all cells come from preexisting cells.
• What is tissue?
• Which statement is true about cell theory?
• What do ribosomes do?
• What is chemiosmosis and where does it occur in cells?
• Which plant tissue is primarily responsible for transport of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant?
• Which bases pair together in DNA, and why?
• What does a tertiary consumer do?
• What is cytoplasm?
• Which is an example of a macromolecule?
• What is biomass?
• In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs primarily in which compartment?
• Which statement about energy transfer is true?
• Which term includes all places on Earth where life exists?
• Why is only about 10% of energy transferred between trophic levels?
• What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
• Why is ethical consideration important in genetic engineering?
• Which term describes the observable traits of an organism?
• Which option best describes the relationship between organs and organ systems?
• During cell division, which structure copies DNA before division?
• What is genetic drift?
• Which statement best describes an organism?
• What is the function of xylem in plants?
• Which scientist proposed that animals are made of cells?
• What is a molecule?
• What does independent assortment refer to in genetics?
• The phrase 'organ system' is best defined as:
• Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
• Which statement accurately describes oxidative phosphorylation?
• Which option correctly identifies the term for a living thing?
• Which organism is typically a primary consumer?
• Which option best matches the concept of an organ system?
• What does the rough ER do?
• Crossing over occurs in meiosis during which phase?
• What is natural selection?
• What is an organelle?
• What does the smooth ER do?
• What determines the rate at which DNA fragments move in gel electrophoresis?
• What is gene flow?
• What is the role of platelets in blood?
• What is a codon and what does it code for?
• What is produced during translation?
• What is the biomass equation?
• Which statement about oxygen transport in blood is correct?
• How many chromosomes are in a haploid human gamete relative to a diploid somatic cell?
• Which statement about eukaryotes is true?
• Which statement is true about plant cells?
• What is natural selection?
• Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
• What is the primary function of ribosomes?
• Meiosis produces how many daughter cells and what is their ploidy compared to the parent?
• Which statement is true about prokaryotes?
• If tall (T) is dominant over short (t), what is the probability of tall offspring from a cross Tt x tt?
• In a cross Aa x Aa for a trait with complete dominance, what phenotypic ratio is expected?
• Which sequence correctly represents a simple food chain?
• Which describes the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?
• Which factor would be considered abiotic?
• What is a limiting factor?
• Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis during transcription?
• Which molecule carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
• Abiotic limiting factors are …
• What is produced during transcription?
• Which statement describes the central dogma sequence from DNA to protein?
• In photosynthesis, which pigment primarily absorbs light for photosystem II?
• Adaptive immunity targets specific pathogens with memory via which cells?
• What is a tertiary consumer?
• Which is NOT part of the three parts of cell theory?
• Which are the three biological domains?
• What is the formula for calculating energy transfer?
• Which list names the five kingdoms?
• Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?
• If a population temporarily exceeds its carrying capacity, what is the typical short-term trend?
• What does an energy pyramid illustrate?
• What is a primary consumer?
• Name three components of the human circulatory system.
• What is the basic unit of life?
• What does the cytoskeleton do?
• Explain codominance with the AB blood type.
• According to cell theory, what is the relationship between organisms and cells?
• What does 'systems within systems' mean in biology?
• Which scientist is credited with naming plant cells "cells" after observing cork under a simple microscope?
• Which term is used to describe a living thing?
• What is a selective pressure?
• Photosynthesis affects the carbon cycle by
• Where do transcription and translation take place in eukaryotic cells?
• Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes?
• What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
• Which component of the cytoskeleton provides structure and support to the cell?
• Where are organelles located?
• In prokaryotic cells, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.