Which process translates mRNA into a polypeptide?

Which process translates mRNA into a polypeptide?

• A. Transcription
• B. Replication
• C. Translation
• D. Splicing

Answer: (C)

Translation is the process that translates mRNA into a polypeptide. In this step, the ribosome reads the mRNA three bases at a time (codons), and each codon specifies which amino acid should be added next. Transfer RNAs bring the corresponding amino acids and pair their anticodons with the mRNA codons, allowing the ribosome to form peptide bonds and grow the growing polypeptide chain. This process starts at a start codon (AUG) and ends at a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), and it happens in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. Transcription, by contrast, is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, so it produces mRNA rather than a polypeptide. Replication is the copying of DNA to duplicate the genome. Splicing is the removal of introns from pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA before translation.

Translation is the process that translates mRNA into a polypeptide. In this step, the ribosome reads the mRNA three bases at a time (codons), and each codon specifies which amino acid should be added next. Transfer RNAs bring the corresponding amino acids and pair their anticodons with the mRNA codons, allowing the ribosome to form peptide bonds and grow the growing polypeptide chain. This process starts at a start codon (AUG) and ends at a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA), and it happens in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells.

Transcription, by contrast, is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, so it produces mRNA rather than a polypeptide. Replication is the copying of DNA to duplicate the genome. Splicing is the removal of introns from pre-mRNA to produce mature mRNA before translation.